PAME Work Plan

CHAPTER 9 - SAFETY OF NAVIGATION: Full Polar Code text

9.1 Goal
The goal of this chapter is to provide for safe navigation.

9.2 Functional requirements
In order to achieve the goal set out in paragraph 9.1 above, the following functional requirements are embodied in the regulations of this chapter.

9.2.1 Nautical information
Ships shall have the ability to receive up-to-date information including ice information for safe navigation.

9.2.2 Navigational equipment functionality

• 9.2.2.1 The navigational equipment and systems shall be designed, constructed, and installed to retain their functionality under the expected environmental conditions in the area of operation.
• 9.2.2.2 Systems for providing reference headings and position fixing shall be suitable for the intended areas.

9.2.3 Additional navigational equipment

• 9.2.3.1 Ships shall have the ability to visually detect ice when operating in darkness.
• 9.2.3.2 Ships involved in operations with an icebreaker escort shall have suitable means to indicate when the ship is stopped.

9.3 Regulations
9.3.1 Nautical information
In order to comply with the functional requirement of paragraph 9.2.1 above, ships shall have means of receiving and displaying current information on ice conditions in the area of operation.

9.3.2 Navigational equipment functionality
9.3.2.1 In order to comply with the functional requirement of paragraph 9.2.2.1 above, the following apply:

• .1 ships constructed on or after 1 January 2017, ice strengthened in accordance with chapter 3, shall have either two independent echo-sounding devices or one echo-sounding device with two separate independent transducers;
• .2 ships shall comply with SOLAS regulation V/22.1.9.4, irrespective of the date of construction and the size and, depending on the bridge configuration, a clear view astern;
• .3 for ships operating in areas, and during periods, where ice accretion is likely to occur, means to prevent the accumulation of ice on antennas required for navigation and communication shall be provided; and
• .4 in addition, for ships ice strengthened in accordance with chapter 3, the following apply:
  • .1 where equipment required by SOLAS chapter V or this chapter have sensors that project below the hull, such sensors shall be protected against ice; and
  • .2 in category A and B ships constructed on or after 1 January 2017, the bridge wings shall be enclosed or designed to protect navigational equipment and operating personnel.

9.3.2.2 In order to comply with the functional requirement of paragraph 9.2.2.2 above, the following apply:

• .1 ships shall have two non-magnetic means to determine and display their heading. Both means shall be independent and shall be connected to the ship's main and emergency source of power; and
• .2 ships proceeding to latitudes over 80 degrees shall be fitted with at least one GNSS compass or equivalent, which shall be connected to the ship's main and emergency source of power.

9.3.3 Additional navigational equipment
9.3.3.1 In order to comply with the functional requirement of paragraph 9.2.3.1 ships, with the exception of those solely operating in areas with 24 hours daylight, shall be equipped with two remotely rotatable, narrow-beam search lights controllable from the bridge to provide lighting over an arc of 360 degrees, or other means to visually detect ice.
9.3.3.2 In order to comply with the functional requirement of paragraph 9.2.3.2, ships involved in operations with an icebreaker escort shall be equipped with a manually initiated flashing red light visible from astern to indicate when the ship is stopped. This light shall have a range of visibility of at least two nautical miles, and the horizontal and vertical arcs of visibility shall conform to the stern light specifications required by the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea.

CHAPTER 7 - FIRE SAFETY/PROTECTION: Full Polar Code text)

7.1 Goal
The goal of this chapter is to ensure that fire safety systems and appliances are effective and operable, and that means of escape remain available so that persons on board can safely and swiftly escape to the lifeboat and liferaft embarkation deck under the expected environmental conditions.

7.2 Functional requirements
7.2.1 In order to achieve the goal set out in paragraph 7.1 above, the following functional requirements are embodied in the regulations of this chapter:

• .1 all components of fire safety systems and appliances if installed in exposed positions shall be protected from ice accretion and snow accumulation;
• .2 local equipment and machinery controls shall be arranged so as to avoid freezing, snow accumulation and ice accretion and their location to remain accessible at all time;
• .3 the design of fire safety systems and appliances shall take into consideration the need for persons to wear bulky and cumbersome cold weather gear, where appropriate;
• .4 means shall be provided to remove or prevent ice and snow accretion from accesses; and
• .5 extinguishing media shall be suitable for intended operation.

7.2.2 In addition, for ships intended to operate in low air temperature, the following apply:

• .1 all components of fire safety systems and appliances shall be designed to ensure availability and effectiveness under the polar service temperature; and
• .2 materials used in exposed fire safety systems shall be suitable for operation at the polar service temperature.

7.3 Regulations
7.3.1 In order to comply with the requirement of paragraph 7.2.1.1, the following apply:

• .1 isolating and pressure/vacuum valves in exposed locations are to be protected from ice accretion and remain accessible at all time; and
• .2 all two-way portable radio communication equipment shall be operable at the polar service temperature.

7.3.2 In order to comply with the requirement of paragraph 7.2.1.2, the following apply:

• .1 fire pumps including emergency fire pumps, water mist and water spray pumps shall be located in compartments maintained above freezing;
• .2 the fire main is to be arranged so that exposed sections can be isolated and means of draining of exposed sections shall be provided. Fire hoses and nozzles need not be connected to the fire main at all times, and may be stored in protected locations near the hydrants;
• .3 firefighter's outfits shall be stored in warm locations on the ship; and
• .4 where fixed water-based firefighting systems are located in a space separate from the main fire pumps and use their own independent sea suction, this sea suction is to be also capable of being cleared of ice accumulation.

7.3.3 In addition, for ships intended to operate in low air temperature, the following apply:

• .1 In order to comply with the requirement of paragraph 7.2.2.1, portable and semi-portable extinguishers shall be located in positions protected from freezing temperatures, as far as practical. Locations subject to freezing are to be provided with extinguishers capable of operation under the polar service temperature.
• .2 In order to comply with the functional requirements of paragraph 7.2.2.2 above, materials of exposed fire safety systems shall be approved by the Administration, or a recognized organization accepted by it, taking into account standards acceptable to the Organization or other standards offering an equivalent level of safety based on the polar service temperature.

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CHAPTER 5: WATERTIGHT AND WEATHERTIGHT INTEGRITY: Full Polar Code text)

5.1 Goal
The goal of this chapter is to provide measures to maintain watertight and weathertight integrity.

5.2 Functional requirements
In order to achieve the goal set out in paragraph 5.1 above, all closing appliances and doors relevant to watertight and weathertight integrity of the ship shall be operable.

5.3 Regulations
In order to comply with the functional requirements of paragraph 5.2 above, the following apply:

• .1 for ships operating in areas and during periods where ice accretion is likely to occur, means shall be provided to remove or prevent ice and snow accretion around hatches and doors; and
• .2 in addition, for ships intended to operate in low air temperature the following apply:
  • .1 if the hatches or doors are hydraulically operated, means shall be provided to prevent freezing or excessive viscosity of liquids; and
  • .2 watertight and weathertight doors, hatches and closing devices which are not within an habitable environment and require access while at sea shall be designed to be operated by personnel wearing heavy winter clothing including thick mittens.

CHAPTER 8 - LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES AND ARRANGEMENTS

8.1 Goal
The goal of this chapter is to provide for safe escape, evacuation and survival.

8.2 Functional requirements
In order to achieve the goal set out in paragraph 8.1 above, the following functional requirements are embodied in the regulations of this chapter:
8.2.1 Escape:

• 8.2.1.1 Exposed escape routes shall remain accessible and safe, taking into consideration the potential icing of structures and snow accumulation.
• 8.2.1.2 Survival craft and muster and embarkation arrangements shall provide safe abandonment of ship, taking into consideration the possible adverse environmental conditions during an emergency.

8.2.2 Evacuation:
All life-saving appliances and associated equipment shall provide safe evacuation and be functional under the possible adverse environmental conditions during the maximum expected time of rescue.

8.2.3 Survival:

• 8.2.3.1 Adequate thermal protection shall be provided for all persons on board, taking into account the intended voyage, the anticipated weather conditions (cold and wind), and the potential for immersion in polar water, where applicable.
• 8.2.3.2 Life-saving appliances and associated equipment shall take account of the potential of operation in long periods of darkness, taking into consideration the intended voyage.
• 8.2.3.3 Taking into account the presence of any hazards, as identified in the assessment in chapter 1, resources shall be provided to support survival following abandoning ship, whether to the water, to ice or to land, for the maximum expected time of rescue. These resources shall provide:
  • .1 a habitable environment;
  • .2 protection of persons from the effects of cold, wind and sun;
  • .3 space to accommodate persons equipped with thermal protection adequate for the environment;
  • .4 means to provide sustenance;
  • .5 safe access and exit points; and
  • .6 means to communicate with rescue assets.

8.3 Regulations
8.3.1 Escape
In order to comply with the functional requirements of paragraphs 8.2.1.1 and 8.2.1.2 above, the following apply:

• .1 for ships exposed to ice accretion, means shall be provided to remove or prevent ice and snow accretion from escape routes, muster stations, embarkation areas, survival craft, its launching appliances and access to survival craft;
• .2 in addition, for ships constructed on or after 1 January 2017, exposed escape routes shall be arranged so as not to hinder passage by persons wearing suitable polar clothing; and
• .3 in addition, for ships intended to operate in low air temperatures, adequacy of embarkation arrangements shall be assessed, having full regard to any effect of persons wearing additional polar clothing.

8.3.2 Evacuation
In order to comply with the functional requirement of paragraph 8.2.2 above, the following apply:

• .1 ships shall have means to ensure safe evacuation of persons, including safe deployment of survival equipment, when operating in ice-covered waters, or directly onto the ice, as applicable; and
• .2 where the regulations of this chapter are achieved by means of adding devices requiring a source of power, this source shall be able to operate independently of the ship's main source of power.

8.3.3 Survival
8.3.3.1 In order to comply with the functional requirement of paragraph 8.2.3.1 above, the following apply:

• .1 for passenger ships, a proper sized immersion suit or a thermal protective aid shall be provided for each person on board; and
• .2 where immersion suits are required, they shall be of the insulated type.

8.3.3.2 In addition, for ships intended to operate in extended periods of darkness, in order to comply with the functional requirements of paragraph 8.2.3.2 above, searchlights suitable for continuous use to facilitate identification of ice shall be provided for each lifeboat.

8.3.3.3 In order to comply with the functional requirement of paragraph 8.2.3.3 above, the following apply:

• .1 no lifeboat shall be of any type other than partially or totally enclosed type;
• .2 taking into account the assessment referred to in chapter 1, appropriate survival resources, which address both individual (personal survival equipment) and shared (group survival equipment) needs, shall be provided, as follows:
  • .1 life-saving appliances and group survival equipment that provide effective protection against direct wind chill for all persons on board;
  • .2 personal survival equipment in combination with life-saving appliances or group survival equipment that provide sufficient thermal insulation to maintain the core temperature of persons; and
  • .3 personal survival equipment that provide sufficient protection to prevent frostbite of all extremities; and
• .3 in addition, whenever the assessment required under paragraph 1.5 identifies a potential of abandonment onto ice or land, the following apply:
  • .1 group survival equipment shall be carried, unless an equivalent level of functionality for survival is provided by the ship's normal life-saving appliances;
  • .2 when required, personal and group survival equipment sufficient for 110% of the persons on board shall be stowed in easily accessible locations, as close as practical to the muster or embarkation stations;
  • .3 containers for group survival equipment shall be designed to be easily movable over the ice and be floatable;
  • .4 whenever the assessment identifies the need to carry personal and group survival equipment, means shall be identified of ensuring that this equipment is accessible following abandonment;
  • .5 if carried in addition to persons, in the survival craft, the survival craft and launching appliances shall have sufficient capacity to accommodate the additional equipment;
  • .6 passengers shall be instructed in the use of the personal survival equipment and the action to take in an emergency; and
  • .7 the crew shall be trained in the use of the personal survival equipment and group survival equipment.

8.3.3.4 In order to comply with the functional requirement of paragraph 8.2.3.3.4 above, adequate emergency rations shall be provided, for the maximum expected time of rescue.

CHAPTER 6 - MACHINERY INSTALLATIONS: Full Polar Code text

6.1 Goal
The goal of this chapter is to ensure that, machinery installations are capable of delivering the required functionality necessary for safe operation of ships.

6.2 Functional requirements
6.2.1 In order to achieve the goal set out in paragraph 6.1 above, the following functional requirements are embodied in the regulations of this chapter.

• 6.2.1.1 Machinery installations shall provide functionality under the anticipated environmental conditions, taking into account:
  • .1 ice accretion and/or snow accumulation;
  • .2 ice ingestion from seawater;
  • .3 freezing and increased viscosity of liquids;
  • .4 seawater intake temperature; and
  • .5 snow ingestion.
• 6.2.1.2 In addition, for ships intended to operate in low air temperatures:
  • .1 machinery installations shall provide functionality under the anticipated environmental conditions, also taking into account:
    • .1 cold and dense inlet air; and
    • .2 loss of performance of battery or other stored energy device; and
  • .2 materials used shall be suitable for operation at the ships polar service temperature.
• 6.2.1.3 In addition, for ships ice strengthened in accordance with chapter 3, machinery installations shall provide functionality under the anticipated environmental conditions, taking into account loads imposed directly by ice interaction.

6.3 Regulations
6.3.1 In order to comply with the functional requirement of paragraph 6.2.1.1 above, taking into account the anticipated environmental conditions, the following apply:

• .1 machinery installations and associated equipment shall be protected against the effect of ice accretion and/or snow accumulation, ice ingestion from sea water, freezing and increased viscosity of liquids, seawater intake temperature and snow ingestion;
• .2 working liquids shall be maintained in a viscosity range that ensures operation of the machinery; and
• .3 seawater supplies for machinery systems shall be designed to prevent ingestion of ice, or otherwise arranged to ensure functionality.

6.3.2 In addition, for ships intended to operate in low air temperatures, the following apply:

• .1 in order to comply with the functional requirement of paragraph 6.2.1.2 above, exposed machinery and electrical installation and appliances shall function at the polar service temperature;
• .2 in order to comply with the functional requirement of paragraph 6.2.1.2.1 above, means shall be provided to ensure that combustion air for internal combustion engines driving essential machinery is maintained at a temperature in compliance with the criteria provided by the engine manufacturer; and
• .3 in order to comply with the functional requirements of paragraph 6.2.1.2.2 above, materials of exposed machinery and foundations shall be approved by the Administration, or a recognized organization accepted by it, taking into account standards acceptable to the Organization, 11 or other standards offering an equivalent level of safety based on the polar service temperature.

6.3.3 In addition, for ships ice strengthened in accordance with chapter 3, in order to comply with the functional requirements of paragraph 6.2.1.3 above, the following apply:

• .1 scantlings of propeller blades, propulsion line, steering equipment and other appendages of category A ships shall be approved by the Administration, or a recognized organization accepted by it, taking into account standards acceptable to the Organization10or other standards offering an equivalent level of safety;
• .2 scantlings of propeller blades, propulsion line, steering equipment and other appendages of category B ships shall be approved by the Administration, or a recognized organization accepted by it, taking into account standards acceptable to the Organization11 or other standards offering an equivalent level of safety; and
• .3 scantlings of propeller blades, propulsion line, steering equipment and other appendages of ice-strengthened category C ships shall be approved by the Administration, or a recognized organization accepted by it, taking into account acceptable standards adequate with the ice types and concentration encountered in the area of operation.

CHAPTER 4 - SUBDIVISION AND STABILITY

4.1 Goal
The goal of this chapter is to ensure adequate subdivision and stability in both intact and damaged conditions.

4.2 Functional requirements
In order to achieve the goal set out in paragraph 4.1 above, the following functional requirements are embodied in the regulations of this chapter:

• .1 ships shall have sufficient stability in intact conditions when subject to ice accretion; and
• .2 ships of category A and B, constructed on or after 1 January 2017, shall have sufficient residual stability to sustain ice-related damages.

4.3 Regulations
4.3.1 Stability in intact conditions

• 4.3.1.1 In order to comply with the functional requirement of paragraph 4.2.1, for ships operating in areas and during periods where ice accretion is likely to occur, the following icing allowance shall be made in the stability calculations:
  • .1 30 kg/m2 on exposed weather decks and gangways;
  • .2 7.5 kg/m2 for the projected lateral area of each side of the ship above the water plane; and
  • .3 the projected lateral area of discontinuous surfaces of rail, sundry booms, spars (except masts) and rigging of ships having no sails and the projected lateral area of other small objects shall be computed by increasing the total projected area of continuous surfaces by 5% and the static moments of this area by 10%.

• 4.3.1.2 Ships operating in areas and during periods where ice accretion is likely to occur shall be:
  • .1 designed to minimize the accretion of ice; and
  • .2 equipped with such means for removing ice as the Administration may require; for example, electrical and pneumatic devices, and/or special tools such as axes or wooden clubs for removing ice from bulwarks, rails and erections.
• 4.3.1.3 Information on the icing allowance included in the stability calculations shall be given in the PWOM.
• 4.3.1.4 Ice accretion shall be monitored and appropriate measures taken to ensure that the ice accretion does not exceed the values given in the PWOM.

4.3.2 Stability in damaged conditions

• 4.3.2.1 In order to comply with the functional requirements of paragraph 4.2.2, ships of categories A and B, constructed on or after 1 January 2017, shall be able to withstand flooding resulting from hull penetration due to ice impact. The residual stability following ice damage shall be such that the factor si, as defined in SOLAS regulations II-1/7-2.2 and II-1/7-2.3, is equal to one for all loading conditions used to calculate the attained subdivision index in SOLAS regulation II-1/7. However, for cargo ships that comply with subdivision and damage stability regulations in another instrument developed by the Organization, as provided by SOLAS regulation II-1/4.1, the residual stability criteria of that instrument shall be met for each loading condition.

• 4.3.2.2 The ice damage extents to be assumed when demonstrating compliance with paragraph 4.3.2.1 shall be such that:
  • .1 the longitudinal extent is 4.5% of the upper ice waterline length if centred forward of the maximum breadth on the upper ice waterline, and 1.5% of upper ice waterline length otherwise, and shall be assumed at any longitudinal position along the ship's length;
  • .2 the transverse penetration extent is 760 mm, measured normal to the shell over the full extent of the damage; and
  • .3 the vertical extent is the lesser of 20% of the upper ice waterline draught or the longitudinal extent, and shall be assumed at any vertical position between the keel and 120% of the upper ice waterline draught.