Folder Table 3.1. Plastics Ingested by Seabirds in the Arctic

Documents

pdf Avery-Gomm et al. (2016). A study of wrecked Dovekies (Alle alle) in the western North Atlantic highlights the importance of using standardized methods to quantify plastic ingestion Popular

476 downloads

Download (pdf, 656 KB)

Avery-Gomm-2016-A study of wrecked Dovekies (A.pdf

Avery-Gomm et al. (2016). A study of wrecked Dovekies (Alle alle) in the western North Atlantic highlights the importance of using standardized methods to quantify plastic ingestion

Quantification of plastic ingestion across a range of seabirds is required to assess the prevalence of plastics in ma- rine food webs. We quantified plastic ingestion in beached Dovekies (Alle alle), following a wreck in Newfound- land, Canada. Of 171 birds, 30.4% had ingested plastic (mean 0.81 ± 0.30 SE pieces per bird, mass 0.005 ± 0.002 SE g per bird). Most plastics were fragments of polyethylene and polypropylene. Surprisingly, 37% were burned or melted, indicating a previously unreported source of ingested plastics (incinerated waste). We found no rela- tionship between plastic ingestion and age, sex or body condition. By comparing our results with a similar nearby study, we illustrate the need for researchers to adopt standardized methods for plastic ingestion studies. We un- derline the importance of using histological techniques to reliably identify gastric pathologies, and advise caution when inferring population level trends in plastic ingestion from studies of emaciated, wrecked birds.

pdf Avery-Gomm et al. (2017). Plastic pollution in the Labrador Sea: An assessment using the seabird northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis as a biological monitoring species Popular

590 downloads

Download (pdf, 451 KB)

Avery-Gomm-2017-Plastic pollution in the Labra.pdf

Avery-Gomm et al. (2017). Plastic pollution in the Labrador Sea: An assessment using the seabird northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis as a biological monitoring species

Plastic is now one among one of the most pervasive pollutants on the planet, and ocean circulation models predict that the Arctic will become another accumulation zone. As solutions to address marine plastic emerge, is essential that baselines are available to monitor progress towards targets. The northern fulmar (Fulmarus gla- cialis), a widely-distributed seabird species, has been used as a biological monitor for plastic pollution in the North Sea, and could be a useful monitoring species elsewhere. We quantified plastic ingested by northern fulmars from the southeastern Canadian waters of the Labrador Sea with the objective of establishing a stan- dardized baseline for future comparisons. Over two years we sampled 70 fulmars and found that 79% had ingested plastic, with an average of 11.6 pieces or 0.151 g per bird. Overall, 34% of all fulmars exceeded the Ecological Quality Objective for marine litter, having ingested > 0.1 g of plastic.

pdf Bond, A. L., et al. (2013). "Ingestion of plastic marine debris by Common and Thick-billed Murres in the northwestern Atlantic from 1985 to 2012." Marine Pollution Bulletin 77(1): 192-195. Popular

Tagged in MarineLitterGeneralUndefined 415 downloads

Download (pdf, 236 KB)

Bond-2013-Ingestion of plastic marine debris b.pdf

Bond, A. L., et al. (2013). "Ingestion of plastic marine debris by Common and Thick-billed Murres in the northwestern Atlantic from 1985 to 2012." Marine Pollution Bulletin 77(1): 192-195.
Plastic ingestion by seabirds is a growing conservation issue, but there are few time series of plastic ingestion with large sample sizes for which one can assess temporal trends. Common and Thick-billed Murres (Uria aalge and U. lomvia) are pursuit-diving auks that are legally harvested in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Here, we combined previously unpublished data on plastic ingestion (from the 1980s to the 1990s) with contemporary samples (2011–2012) to evaluate changes in murres’ plastic ingestion. Approximately 7% of murres had ingested plastic, with no significant change in the frequency of ingestion among species or periods. The number of pieces of plastic/bird, and mass of plastic/bird were highest in the 1980s, lowest in the late 1990s, and intermediate in contemporary samples. Studying plastic ingestion in harvested seabird populations links harvesters to conservation and health-related issues and is a useful source of large samples for diet and plastic ingestion studies.

pdf Falk 1993 The winter diet of thick-billed murres, Uria lomvia, in western Greenland, 1988- 1989 Popular

409 downloads

Download (pdf, 753 KB)

Falk-1993-The winter diet of thick-billed murr.pdf

Falk 1993 The winter diet of thick-billed murres, Uria lomvia, in western Greenland, 1988- 1989

The diet of thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) wintering in coastal western Greenland was studied by analyzing the stomach contents of 202 birds supplied by local hunters in four regions, from October 1988 to March 1989. Fish and crustaceans were present in 68 and 71% (frequency of occurrence), respectively, of all stomachs containing prey remains (n = 195). Fish made up 81% wet weight, and crustaceans most of the remaining 19%,except for < 1% squid (Gonatus sp.) and poly- chaetes (Nereis sp.). Capelin (Mallotus villosus) was the dominant prey species (61 % wet weight), followed by Thysanoessa spp. (17 %), Parathemisto spp. (1 %), and Meganyctiphanes norvegica (1 %). Euphausiids were the most abundant crustaceans (95% wet weight of all crustaceans), except in October, when hyperid amphipods were dominant (89%). Crustaceans were important in the murres' diet only in the northern part of the survey area; birds in the southern part preyed almost exclusively upon capelin. Most birds were in good body condition (based on the amount of body fat), but murres from the southern area had a slightly higher mean fat index than those from the northern area (7.19 vs. 5.35). We suggest that differences in body condition may be related to the higher proportion of fish, which is of higher caloric value, in the diet of murres in the southern area.

pdf Gjertz et al. (1985). Food sample analysis of seabirds collected during the 'Lance'-cruise in ice-filled waters in Eastern Svalbard 1984 Popular

322 downloads

Download (pdf, 1.02 MB)

Gjertz-1985-Food sample analysis of seabirds c.pdf

Gjertz et al. (1985). Food sample analysis of seabirds collected during the 'Lance'-cruise in ice-filled waters in Eastern Svalbard 1984

This report gives a preliminary a c count of the analysis of stomach contents of seabirds collected in ice-filled waters in the Eastern parts of Svalbard during the " Lance"-expedition in summer 1984. A total of 40 seabirds of 7 species were coll­ected. The dominating seabirds were Fulmars Fulmarus glacialis and Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla, with 8 and 18 individuals res­pectively.The results confirm earlier investigations and state that Arctic Cod Boreogadus saida and different crustaceans, both pelagic and epibenthic forms associated to the sea ice are the main prey species of the seabirds. Fulmars also depend on poly­chaetes and squid.

pdf Holland, E. et al. (2016). Plastics and other anthropogenic debris in freshwater birds from Canada Popular

404 downloads

Download (pdf, 539 KB)

Holland-2016-Plastics and other anthropogenic.pdf

Holland, E. et al. (2016). Plastics and other anthropogenic debris in freshwater birds from Canada

Plastics in marine environments are a global environmental issue. Plastic ingestion is associated with a variety of deleterious health effects in marine wildlife, and is a focus of much international research and monitoring. How- ever, little research has focused on ramifications of plastic debris for freshwater organisms, despite marine and freshwater environments often having comparable plastic concentrations. We quantified plastic and other an- thropogenic debris in 350 individuals of 17 freshwater and one marine bird species collected across Canada. We determined freshwater birds' anthropogenic debris ingestion rates to be 11.1% across all species studied. This work establishes that plastics and other anthropogenic debris are a genuine concern for management of the health of freshwater ecosystems, and provides a baseline for the prevalence of plastic and other anthropogen- ic debris ingestion in freshwater birds in Canada, with relevance for many other locations.

pdf Lydersen et al. (1989). Stomach contents of autumn-feeding marine vertebrates from Hornsund, Svalbard Popular

343 downloads

Download (pdf, 628 KB)

Lydersen-1989-Stomach contents of autumn-feedi.pdf

Lydersen et al. (1989). Stomach contents of autumn-feeding marine vertebrates from Hornsund, Svalbard

Stomachs of 171 vertebrates (two species offish, eight ofbirds and twoof seals) from Hornsund, Svalbard, were collected between 7 September and 5 October 1984. Arctic cod Boreogadus saida and the amphipod Pamthemisto libellula were the main prey species of black guillemots Cepphus grylle, little auks Alle alle, puffins Fratercula arctica, Brunnich's guillemots Uria lomvia, kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla and ringed seals Phoca hispida. Fulmars Fulmarus glacialis preyed mainly on the squid Gonatusfabricii and the polychaete Nereis irrorata. Eiders Somateria mollissima preyed mainly on bivalves and on the amphipod Gammarellus homari. G. homari and Gammarus oceanicus were the most important prey species of striped snailfish Liparis liparis, while shorthorn sculpin Myoxocephalus scorpius mainly preyed upon G. homari and Anonyx sarsi. Glaucous gulls LOTUS hyperboreus took many different prey including birds and tundra plants. Only one bearded seal Erignathus barbatus stomach with content was available for this study.

pdf Mehlum et al. (1984). Feeding ecology of seabirds in the Svalbard area - a preliminary report Popular

342 downloads

Download (pdf, 2.39 MB)

Mehlum-1984-Feeding ecology of seabirds in the.pdf

Mehlum et al. (1984). Feeding ecology of seabirds in the  Svalbard area - a preliminary report

In the period 6 August to 2 September 1982 Norsk Polarinstitutt conducted a marine ecological program onboard the research vessel m/s LANGE in the northem part of the Barents Sea. furing the cruise seabird censuses were made to map pelagic distribution and abundance of seabirds at sea. The pattern of distribution and abundance is thought to be influenced by the feeding ecology of the different species and different physical environmental factors.Very little is actually known about the d ist ribution of s eabirds in the ice-covered waters around Svalbard. To study the feeding ecology a nurnber of seabirds were collected for stomach analysis.

pdf O'Hanlon, N. J., N. A. James, E. A. Masden and A. L. Bond (2017). Seabirds and marine plastic debris in the northeastern Atlantic: A synthesis and recommendations for monitoring and research. Environ Pollut, 231(Pt 2): 1291-1301 Popular

566 downloads

Download (pdf, 2.39 MB)

O'Hanlon-2017-Seabirds and marine plastic debr 2.pdf

O'Hanlon, N. J., N. A. James, E. A. Masden and A. L. Bond (2017). Seabirds and marine plastic debris in the northeastern Atlantic: A synthesis and recommendations for monitoring and research. Environ Pollut, 231(Pt 2): 1291-1301

The presence of plastic in the marine environment is a globally recognised issue, with far- reaching economic, aesthetic, and environmental consequences. Numerous marine species interact with plastic debris through entanglement, nest incorporation, and ingestion, which can lead to negative impacts. However, across Greenland, an important region for seabirds, to date there has been little effort to assess plastic wildlife studies to better understand the spatiotemporal variation of how marine plastic affects different seabird species. To improve our understanding of seabirds and marine plastic in this region, we completed a synthesis of the published and grey literature to obtain information on all known documented cases of plastic ingestion and nest incorporation by this group. We found that of 35 seabird species that commonly occur in Greenland, two (6%) had evidence of ingesting plastic. However, information from multiple countries and years was only available for one species, the Little Auk (Alle alle). No published information was found on nest incorporation. This reveals that we actually know very little about the current prevalence of plastic ingestion and nest incorporation for many species. Furthermore, in all studies, the metrics reported were inadequate to carry out robust comparisons among locations and species or perform meta- analyses. This synthesis highlights important gaps in our current knowledge, and we recommend multi-jurisdictional collaboration to obtain a more comprehensive and current understanding of how marine plastic is affecting seabirds across Norway and Svalbard.

pdf O'Hanlon, N. J., N. A. James, E. A. Masden and A. L. Bond (2017). Seabirds and marine plastic debris in the northeastern Atlantic: A synthesis and recommendations for monitoring and research. Environ Pollut, 231(Pt 2): 1291-1301 Popular

446 downloads

Download (pdf, 871 KB)

O'Hanlon-2017-Seabirds and marine plastic debr.pdf

O'Hanlon, N. J., N. A. James, E. A. Masden and A. L. Bond (2017). Seabirds and marine plastic debris in the northeastern Atlantic: A synthesis and recommendations for monitoring and research. Environ Pollut, 231(Pt 2): 1291-1301

The presence of plastic in the marine environment is a globally recognised issue, with far- reaching economic, aesthetic, and environmental consequences. Numerous marine species interact with plastic debris through entanglement, nest incorporation, and ingestion, which can lead to negative impacts. However, across Norway and Svalbard, an area of international importance for seabirds, to date there has been little effort to assess plastic wildlife studies to better understand the spatiotemporal variation of how marine plastic affects different seabird species. To improve our understanding of seabirds and marine plastic in this region, we completed a synthesis of the published and grey literature to obtain information on all known documented cases of plastic ingestion and nest incorporation by this group. We found that of 49 seabird species that commonly occur in Norway and Svalbard, seven (14%) had evidence of ingesting plastic. However, information from multiple countries and years was only available for one species, the Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis). No published information was found on nest incorporation. For many species, sample sizes were small or not reported, and only 36% of studies were from the 21st century indicating that we actually know very little about the current prevalence of plastic ingestion and nest incorporation for many species. Furthermore, in the majority of studies, the metrics reported were inadequate to carry out robust comparisons among locations and species or perform meta-analyses. This synthesis highlights important gaps in our current knowledge, and we recommend multi-jurisdictional collaboration to obtain a more comprehensive and current understanding of how marine plastic is affecting seabirds across Norway and Svalbard.

pdf Pedersen et al. (2001). Chick Diet of Dovekies (Alle alle) in Northwest Greenland Popular

408 downloads

Download (pdf, 147 KB)

Pedersen-2001-Chick diet of dovekies Alle alle.pdf

Pedersen et al. (2001). Chick Diet of Dovekies (Alle alle) in Northwest Greenland

This paper reports the results of an investigation of dovekies ?(Alle alle) breeding at Hakluyt Island in the Thule District, Northwest Greenland. The paper presents a comprehensive examination of the chick diet of dovekies in the species' most important breeding area. Food delivered to nestlings consisted primarily of copepods Calanus hyperboreus and C. glacialis in the copepodite stages IV and V. Themisto libellula, other amphipods, decapods and fish larvae in small numbers were found in the chick diet. The zooplankton in the chick diet is presented both in terms of numbers and dry weight. The characteristic copepod of high-arctic waters, C. hyperboreus, was found to be the single most important species in the chick diet, contributing approximately 54% of the dry food weight. The food samples revealed low diversity, and the three species C. hyperboreus, C. glacialis and T. libellula made up 91.5% of the total zooplankton dry weight. The results from this paper are compared with previous dovekie-chick diet studies.

pdf Rosing-Asvid et al. (2013). Winter Diet of the Little Auk (Alle alle) in the Northwest Atlantic Popular

291 downloads

Download (pdf, 389 KB)

Rosing-Asvid-2013-Winter diet of the little au.pdf

Rosing-Asvid et al. (2013). Winter Diet of the Little Auk (Alle alle) in the Northwest Atlantic

The little auk (Alle alle) is one of the most numerous seabirds in the world, but their winter prey selection has never been thoroughly studied. In the present study, we analyzed the proventricular contents of 205 little auks caught in coastal areas off southwest Greenland dur- ing December–February and off Newfoundland in March. Large Calanoid copepods are known to be the main prey during summer. We found krill to become the crucial winter prey in both areas, followed by Themisto spp. and young capelin (Mallotus villosus). No difference was found between the diet of juvenile and adult birds. Copepods constituted around 1 % of the diet and close to all copepods were in birds caught near Cape Farwell in December. These findings provide new and important insight into the forage ecology of the little auk, and they support other studies showing that large Calanoid copepods in the Arctic decent for winter hibernation at depths that are below the diving range of the little auks. More studies to determine offshore diet and annual variation are, however, needed in order to get a more complete picture.

pdf Weslawski et al. (1994). Summer diet of seabirds from the Frans Josef Land archipelago, Russian Arctic Popular

373 downloads

Download (pdf, 762 KB)

Weslawski-1994-Summer diet of seabirds from th.pdf

Weslawski et al. (1994). Summer diet of seabirds from the Frans Josef Land archipelago, Russian Arctic
No Abstract Available

pdf Yamashita, R., H. Takada, M. A. Fukuwaka and Y. Watanuki (2011). Physical and chemical effects of ingested plastic debris on short-tailed shearwaters, Puffinus tenuirostris, in the North Pacific Ocean. Mar Pollut Bull, 62(12): 2845-2849 Popular

359 downloads

Download (pdf, 414 KB)

Yamashita-2011-Physical and chemical effects o.pdf

Yamashita, R., H. Takada, M. A. Fukuwaka and Y. Watanuki (2011). Physical and chemical effects of ingested plastic debris on short-tailed shearwaters, Puffinus tenuirostris, in the North Pacific Ocean. Mar Pollut Bull, 62(12): 2845-2849

We investigated the plastics ingested by short-tailed shearwaters, Puffinus tenuirostris, that were acciden- tally caught during experimental fishing in the North Pacific Ocean in 2003 and 2005. The mean mass of plastics found in the stomach was 0.23 g per bird (n = 99). Plastic mass did not correlate with body weight. Total PCB (sum of 24 congeners) concentrations in the abdominal adipose tissue of 12 birds ranged from 45 to 529 ng/g-lipid. Although total PCBs or higher-chlorinated congeners, the mass of ingested plastic correlated positively with concentrations of lower-chlorinated congeners. The effects of toxic chemicals present in plastic debris on bird physiology should be investigated.

© 2024 PAME. Borgir v. Nordurslod. 600 Akureyri. Iceland. All Rights Reserved.

Please publish modules in offcanvas position.