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591
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Finnmark Act (Act No. 85 of June 17, 2005 relating to Legal Relations and Management of Land and Natural Resources in the County of Finnmark, Norway
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2005
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Management
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Government
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Norway
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Chapter 1 General provisions
Section 1 The purpose of the Act
The purpose of the Act is to facilitate the management of land and natural resources in the county of Finnmark in a balanced and ecologically sustainable manner for the benefit of the residents of the county and particularly as a basis for Sami culture, reindeer husbandry, use of non-cultivated areas, commercial activity and social life.
Section 3 Relationship to international law
The Act shall apply with the limitations that follow from ILO Convention No. 169 concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries. The Act shall be applied in compliance with the provisions of international law concerning indigenous peoples and minorities and with the provisions of agreements with foreign states concerning fishing in transboundary watercourses.
Section 4 The guidelines of the Sami Parliament regarding changes in the use of uncultivated land
The Sami Parliament may issue guidelines for assessing the effect of changes in the use of uncultivated land on Sami culture, reindeer husbandry, use of non-cultivated areas, commercial activity and social life.
Section 5 Relationship to established rights
Through prolonged use of land and water areas, the Sami have collectively and individually acquired rights to land in Finnmark.
This Act does not interfere with collective and individual rights acquired by Sami and other people through prescription or immemorial usage. This also applies to the rights held by reindeer herders on such a basis or pursuant to the Reindeer Herding Act.
Chapter 2 Finnmarkseiendommen (ƒ??the Finnmark Estateƒ?)
Section 6 The legal position of Finnmarkseiendommen
Finnmarkseiendommen (FinnmÇrkkuopmodat) (ƒ??the Finnmark Estateƒ?) is an independent legal entity with its seat in Finnmark which shall administer the land and natural resources, etc. that it owns in compliance with the purpose and other provisions of this Act.
Chapter 3 Renewable resources on Finnmarkseiendommenƒ??s land
Section 21 Main principles for management
Finnmarkseiendommen shall manage the renewable resources on its land in compliance with the purpose of this Act and within the frameworks provided by the Wildlife Act, the Act relating to salmonids and fresh-water fish and other legislation. The diversity and productivity of nature shall be preserved.
Chapter 4 Tana and Neiden
Section 28 Fishing in the Tana and Neiden watercourses
Chapter 5 Survey and recognition of existing rights
I The Finnmark Commission
Section 29 The Finnmark Commission
II The Uncultivated Land Tribunal for Finnmark
Section 36 The Uncultivated Land Tribunal for Finnmark
III Joint provisions
Section 44 Sami language
Chapter 3 of the Sami Act shall apply to use of the Sami language. Section 3-4, first paragraph, of the Sami Act shall also apply to the Finnmark Commission.
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Law
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591_FinnmarkActno110en.pdf
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592
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Guidelines for Improved Cooperation between Arctic Researchers and Northern Communities, DRAFT 23 August 2004 Arctic Sciences Section of the Office of Polar Programs at the National Science Foundation and the Barrow Arctic Science Consortium with the input of the Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission, North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management and the Alaska Native Science Commission.
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2004
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Science Research
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Government
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Barrow Arctic Science Consortium with the input of the Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission, North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management and the Alaska Native Science Commission.
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The purpose is to provide information and suggestions to improve the way researchers work with communities in the Arctic in the planning and conduct of field research campaigns. Fieldwork can interrupt subsistence hunting or disturb species protected by the Marine Mammal Protection Act or Endangered Species Act.
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Guidelines
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592_Guidelines for Improved Cooperation between_draft_23August04.pdf
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593
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GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR MARINE PROTECTED AREAS (MPAs) AND MPA NETWORKS IN THE ARCTIC MAY 2016 Marine Protected Areas Federal Advisory Committee
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2016
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Management
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Government
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MPAFAC
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1. Recognize the geographic and ecological diversity of the Arctic
Given the major physical, ecological and economic differences among the Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, any future MPA networks should be organized to reflect this diversity, and stakeholder processes should recognize the differences and economic importance of commercial and subsistence uses within and across these subregions.
2. Recognize the context of a changing climate
Climate change effects are occurring at a more rapid pace and at a greater magnitude in the Arctic than elsewhere on the planet. These changes, particularly melting sea ice, create the potential for increased shipping and port development, tourism, energy exploration and extraction, and research. Protecting important ecological areas of the Arctic through MPA networks and other area-based management tools can help sustain healthy ecosystems and the cultural diversity essential to long term economic and social well-being.
3. Employ MPAs and MPA networks to address a clear management need MPAs and MPA networks are conservation and management tools, and should begin with a clear statement of management need and objective. Consideration of an MPA to fill management gaps should include an analysis of the purpose, benefit, structure, and function of the MPA.
4. Include local and indigenous communities in the decision-making process. Engaging local and indigenous communities means connecting with, collaborating with, and relying upon insights from peoples who are born, live, and raise families in the Arctic. Special attention should be given to communities and stakeholders affected by management actions. MPA programs should also learn from others who have developed best practices for, and successfully engaged in, appropriate tribal consultation.
5. Ensure that any MPA planning and management processes are open and transparent. Open and transparent processes allow stakeholders to: understand how the process works, and have substantive involvement in decisions about MPA planning and management. These processes must address the challenges of engaging remote and diverse communities, building trust with stakeholders and providing opportunities for diverse opinions and perspectives to be shared.
6. Better understand and analyze existing Arctic MPAs. NOAAƒ??s MPA Inventory catalogs and classifies U.S. Marine Protected Areas using a broad classification system designed to evaluate national scale patterns and trends of marine protection. A review and refinement of this system is needed to better understand and represent the current status of marine protection in Arctic waters.
7. Apply the best available science, technology and indigenous knowledge Science and indigenous knowledge should be the foundation of environmental stewardship and conservation. Existing science is extensive, but there are still gaps in Arctic knowledge. Managers should work with indigenous Arctic communities to incorporate both western and indigenous knowledge into decision-making.
8. Strengthen connections among MPAs The Working Group recommends looking at potential connections among existing MPAs to see how they could be managed to better support ecosystem and community resilience. MPA research, management, monitoring and enforcement can all be strengthened through enhanced collaboration and networking.
9. Strengthen connections between MPAs and other area-based management tools The U.S. Arctic has many marine areas utilizing various types of area-based management tools that have a range of objectives and are managed by different agencies and management bodies. MPA managers can learn from alternate initiatives in managing existing MPAs or determining whether additional MPA designations are appropriate.
10. Further explore the use of MPAs as a tool for protecting the living and historical cultural heritage of the Arctic An Arctic MPA network should enhance the protection of living and historic cultural heritage of the region. The living cultural heritage of subsistence hunting and fishing is central to the food security, cultural identity, and maintenance of household and community economies in the Arctic region.
11. Explore dynamic and flexible approaches to MPAs Given the dynamic nature of ecosystems, species, and changing ecological conditions in the Arctic, the Working Group recommends an adaptive management approach to planning any new MPAs, maintaining existing MPAs, and the further development of other area-based management measures.
12. Consider MPA monitoring and compliance during development When considering future MPAs in the Arctic, management agencies should consider the unique aspects of the Arctic that may challenge implementation, and incorporate lessons from other regions on how to successfully address implementation challenges. Proposed MPA regulations should be developed to facilitate compliance, for example, by building stakeholder ownership in the process and ensuring implementing regulations are enforceable and well communicated.
13. Enhance agency coordination Federal and state agencies should capitalize upon already existing opportunities to share information regarding efforts and activities related to both the development and implementation of MPAs in the Arctic (e.g. the Alaska Marine Ecosystem Forum).
14. Enhance international cooperation on MPAs Ecosystems cross national boundaries, and international cooperation among MPA networks may offer efficiencies and increase the effectiveness of domestic management efforts, providing an opportunity to expand upon benefits to the marine resources and stakeholders living in or around MPAs, or depending upon the marine resources therein. The Working Group recommends that Arctic MPA programs develop partnerships, encourage scientific collaboration, and share information on MPA planning and management at an international level.
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Guidelines
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593_fac-arctic-principles-0616.pdf
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594
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Gwich'in Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement, Indian Affairs and Northern Development, 1992
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1992
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General
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Government
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Canada
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Objectives
ƒ?½ To provide for certainty and clarity of rights to ownership and use of land and resources:
ƒ?½ To provide the specific rights and benefits in this agreement in exchange for the relinquishment by the Gwich'in of certain rights claimed in any part of Canada by treaty or otherwise:
ƒ?½ To recognize and encourage the Gwich'in way of life which is based on the cultural and economic relationship between the Gwich'in and the land:
ƒ?½ To encourage the self-sufficiency of the Gwich'in and to enhance their ability to participate fully in all aspects of the economy:
ƒ?½ To provide the Gwich'in with specific benefits, including financial compensation, land and other economic benefits:
ƒ?½ To provide the Gwich'in with wildlife harvesting rights and the right to participate in decision making concerning wildlife harvesting and management:
ƒ?½ To provide the Gwich'in the right to participate in decision making concerning the use, management and conservation of land, water and resources:
ƒ?½ To protect and conserve the wildlife and environment of the settlement area for present and future generations: and
ƒ?½ To ensure the Gwich'in the opportunity to negotiate self-government agreements.
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Law
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594_gwichin_Land_Claim_Agreement_PDF_1427372111130_eng
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595
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Havressurslova (Act of Ocean Resources)
NORWAY
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2008
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Management
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Government
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¶õ 7 g Ensure that the management contributes towards ensuring /protection of the material foundation for Saami culture
¶õ 11 Areas recognized as Saami area, the distribution of quota and other management of resources living in the wild, Saami use and the value of this for Saami communities should be emphasised.
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ƒ?½ Management,
ƒ?½ Material foundation,
ƒ?½ quotas,
ƒ?½ Saami communities
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595_Havressurslova_The_Marine_Resources_Act_EN.pdf
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596
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Implementation Plan for The National Strategy for the Arctic Region, January 2014 USA White House
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2014
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General
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Government
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White House USA
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Guiding Principles
The guiding principles outlined in the Strategy are reflected throughout this Implementation Plan. Departments and agencies of the Federal Government must continue to reflect the values of the United States throughout all implementation efforts. The guiding principles are:
ƒ?½ Safeguard Peace and Stability
ƒ?½ Make Decisions Using the Best Available Information
ƒ?½ Pursue Innovative Arrangements
ƒ?½ Consult and Coordinate with Alaska Natives
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Using the approach:
ƒ?½ Foster Partnerships with Arctic Stakeholders. As outlined in the Strategy, all lines of effort must involve Arctic partners, particularly the State of Alaska and Alaska Natives in the Arctic region. Federal agencies, the State of Alaska, tribal communities, local governments, and academia will work with other nations, industry stakeholders, non-governmental organizations, and research partners to address emerging challenges and opportunities in the Arctic environment. The Federal Government should strive to maintain the free flow of communication and cooperation with the State of Alaska to support national priorities
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596_315_implementation_plan_for_the_national_strategy_for_the_arctic_region.pdf
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597
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Prosedyrer for Konsultasjoner mellom statlige myndigheter og Sametinget (Procedures for consultations between state authorities and the Saami Parliament)
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2005
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General
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Government
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Regjeringen
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Detailed procedures for how consultations with the Saami Parliamentshall take place. The procedures apply to the whole central government administration. Central Government authorties may also be obliged to consult with other Saami interests in addition to the Saami Parliament.This applies in particular to matters that directly affect Saami land use such as reindeer husbandry.The consultations should be undertaken in good faith, with the obective to achieving agreemetn to the proposaed measures (this is already submitted by Norway)
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Proceduraal Legal
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ƒ?½ Consultations,
ƒ?½ ILO 169,
ƒ?½ Saami Parliament,
ƒ?½ Saami interests,
ƒ?½ traditional Saami area,
ƒ?½ traditional knowledge
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597_Procedures for Consultations between State Authorities and The Sami Parliament [Norway] - regjeringen.no.pdf
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598
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Arctic Code of Conduct, NSF Policy, Version for Public Comment,10 September 2015
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2015
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Science Research
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Government
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USA National Science Foundation
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(Not the Final Version)
The National Science Foundationƒ??s Division of Polar Programs adopts these guiding principles and expects all Program Participants to adhere to and promote these principles.
Program Participants will:
ƒ?½ Recognize the foremost objective of being in the Arctic is to contribute to accomplishing the scientific mission of the National Science Foundation:
ƒ?½ Comply with all laws, rules and guidelines applicable to the work location, which vary across the Arctic and include NSF, institutional, company, field station, local, regional, national and international legal and policy requirements:
ƒ?½ Be treated with, and treat others with, dignity and respect:
ƒ?½ Have the right to safe working conditions free from interpersonal conflicts or harassment:
ƒ?½ Work cooperatively to share experiences, lessons-learned, and to resolve differences:
ƒ?½ Exercise the highest level of professional and ethical behavior:
ƒ?½ Behave in a manner that avoids unacceptable risk to human health, safety and the environment: and
ƒ?½ Promote the Principles for the Conduct of Research in the Arctic and other behaviors that respect and include Arctic residents and Indigenous peoples in the research enterprise and enable responsible stewardship of the Arctic environment.
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Code of C onduct
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598_arc-pol_001-code-of-conduct-20150910.pdf
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599
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U.S. Coast Guard in the Arctic: Arctic Shield 2016
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2016
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Shipping
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Government
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Coast Guard
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News Article
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599_Operation Arctic Shield 2016 ends as forward operating location closes in Kotzebue, Alaska _ Coast Guard News.pdf
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600
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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Tribal Consultation Policy (Dec. 12, 2010)
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2010
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Other-General
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Government
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Department of Health and Human Services
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Policy
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600_hhs-consultation-policy.pdf
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