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551
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A Culturally Responsive Research Model for the Arctic: Reflections on a Case of Collaboration with Indigenous Communities in Arctic Research, Yoshiko Yamanaka, Douglas R. Cook
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2016
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Science Research
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Academic - NGO
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The aim of this paper is to call the Japanese arctic research communityƒ??s awareness to the importance of joint collaboration with Indigenous people in the Arctic region in climate change. Such international collaboration will greatly enhance Japanese researchers understanding of how climate change affecting Indigenous communities and the intangible cultural heritage of Indigenous communities in the Arctic
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Paper
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551_Yamanaka-REVISEDRC-AOS Short Statement-YY_DC-2016-01-31.pdf
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552
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Community-Based Monitoring and Indigenous Knowledge in a Changing Arctic: A Review for the Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks, Noor Johnson, Carolina Behe, Finn Danielsen, Eva-Maria KrǬmmel, Scot Nickels, and Peter L. Pulsifer, May 2016 ICC
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2016
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Science Research
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Academic - NGO
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SAON
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This review is intended to contribute baseline information about the current state of CBM, which may inform development of new monitoring efforts, novel research agendas, and frameworks for application
of monitoring to decision-making.
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Report
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Provide insights into Arctic changes and ƒ??address the social
and human dimension in Arctic observationƒ? early outreach to and engagement of representatives from regional, national, and international institutions: build capacity: engaging IK and co-producing observations: recognize and engage diversity within communities: support network-building: inform decision-making and natural resource management
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local communities, indigenous peoples, government, industry, organizations
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indigenous knowledge, knowledge co-production, capacity building
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Planning, management, implementation, monitoring
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Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks (SAON)
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Recommendations: Building capacity
ƒ?½ Community: During program design, project leaders should consider the potential impact on local and Indigenous institutions. Does the program include funding to hire and train local staff in various roles, both for data collection and interpretation as well as for program administration and management?
ƒ?½ Community/national: Capacity building goes both ways: it is important to build the capacity of scientists to work with communities and not only the other way around. Including a skill mapping exercise in the planning phase can help identify opportunities to share and transfer skills among collaborators.
ƒ?½ Pan-Arctic: Permanent Participant (PP) organizations of the Arctic Council are already involved in representing CBM within SAON and Arctic Council working groups, but capacity and resources limit their involvement. Increasing involvement of PPs and IK holders involved with monitoring programs will enhance Pan-Arctic discussions on observing and monitoring. Additionally, further linkages between sub-national, national and regional level representative structures will facilitate greater exchange of information about relevant new and ongoing monitoring initiatives.
Recommendations: Engaging IK and co-producing
observations
ƒ?½ Community: Project leaders should ensure that community members, including IK holders when relevant, are centrally involved in setting goals for CBM programs based on co-production, consider how different types of observations, including those based on both IK and scientific measurement, could contribute to meeting these goals.
ƒ?½ Community: Sound relationships for knowledge coproduction are built over time and usually involve knowledge exchanges that are both personal and professional. Rather than simply organizing workshops for formal exchange, hands-on activities to build relationships could be considered. This could include traveling together on the land as well as hosting northern community members at the institutional homes of collaborating scientists.
ƒ?½ Regional: Co-production may be particularly relevant for regional observing and monitoring initiatives that require diverse sources of information to meet multiple user needs. In regionally designed programs, the specific interests of each community involved should be considered, keeping in mind that interest, relevance, and availability of IK to monitoring and observing may vary between communities, even in the same region.
ƒ?½ National/pan-Arctic: Arctic residents should be recognized for their ability to engage in monitoring on an
ongoing basis as initiators of and/or contributors to CBM
programs. Their observations, including those by IK holders, should be recognized as an important source of observing information in national observing and monitoring plans and in Arctic Council working group initiatives, including CAFFƒ??s Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Programme (CBMP), as well as in SAON activities.
Recommendations: Engaging diversity
ƒ?½ Community: There is a need for more attention to
womenƒ??s observations and knowledge in CBM programs.
Programs should consider how womenƒ??s knowledge can be
utilized in monitoring and observing.
ƒ?½ Community: While some programs incorporate youth training as part of CBM and IK initiatives, overall, this is an under-developed aspect of community participation in observing and monitoring. Programs should consider how they can incorporate youth engagement.
ƒ?½ Regional: Regional authorities should consider how
programs can be linked or expanded to other communities
in order to capture diversity and provide opportunities for
capacity building and knowledge mobilization and transfer.
ƒ?½ National: Funding programs for CBM activities could create special categories or incentives for participation by social groups that are traditionally under-represented in CBM activities, including women and youth.
Recommendations: Adapting technologies
ƒ?½ Community: Programs should consider plans for long-term data ownership, processing and transfer in
project design. Information about wildlife harvesting
can be sensitive, and data processing requires specialized
knowledge and equipment. Programs that use information
and communication technologies (ICTs) to geolocate
harvest-related information should negotiate longterm
data ownership and management from the outset
and should prioritize protection of sensitive information.
ƒ?½ Regional/national: To defray the high costs of ICTs,
including the need for upkeep and maintenance, programs
could consider involving third party technology developers
and managers, this would distribute costs across multiple
users and programs and help transfer or share technologies.
Another option worth considering is whether similar
technological approaches have been developed for other
projects that could be adapted through collaboration and
network building. Hosting, interoperability, and standardizationare all issues that need to be considered when
exploring various options.
Recommendations: Scaling observations and
supporting network-building
ƒ?½ Community: Community-to-community exchange is a promising approach to network building from the perspective of local practitioners, there is a need for more funding to support these types of exchange.
ƒ?½ Regional: As interest in CBM grows, it will be helpful to identify ways to standardize some aspects of data collection while remaining faithful to CBMƒ??s focus on community priorities and uses. One approach may be to secure the commitment of several community programs to incorporate some non-local monitoring goals into their locally initiated programs. Starting with a very simple, practical, concrete approach where a few indicators and methods are agreed upon may work best.
ƒ?½ National/pan-Arctic: In order for CBM data to be
shared at national and pan-Arctic levels, potentially interested users (for example, government agencies or Arctic
Council working groups involved in assessments) need to
develop systems that facilitate interoperability, including
the ability to communicate with CBM programs to identify
and solicit relevant data.
ƒ?½ Pan-Arctic: Pan-Arctic workshops or curricula on CBM that could be delivered online would support network and capacity building while limiting travel expenses. However, limited access to the Internet in some parts of the Arctic could make access to network information distribution challenging.
Recommendations: Informing decision-making and natural resource management
ƒ?½ Community: Communities may not be aware of all
relevant decision-making venues for sharing CBM-generated
data and information. Project leaders should assess
relevant decision-making venues that would benefit from
CBM-generated data and share this information with
communities to strengthen community capacity for policy
engagement in the long term.
ƒ?½ Regional/national/pan-Arctic: The ability of CBM to inform decision-making depends on governance arrangements, which vary considerably between regions and Arctic nations. It is important not to overstate the potential influence of community-produced observations in natural resource management decision-making. The identification of
barriers, and the collaboration to overcome them, should be
part of a longer-term strategy. Research that considers the
links between governance arrangements and effectiveness of
CBM may help illuminate the potential and limitations of
CBM approaches in different regions.
ƒ?½ Regional/national/pan-Arctic: For initiatives seeking to influence decision-making beyond the community
level, early outreach to and engagement of representatives
from regional, national, and international institutions
(such as governments or Arctic Council working groups)
may facilitate uptake of community-based observations
in these venues. These outreach processes should be built
into project planning.
Recommendations: Managing data
ƒ?½ Community/regional: In addition to negotiating data sharing and knowledge management agreements from the
outset of a CBM project, researchers should be aware that
there may be a need to revisit these agreements when new
requests arise that were neither anticipated nor discussed
thoroughly in the project design phase.
ƒ?½ Regional/National/Pan-Arctic: Indigenous participants in all of the CBM workshops emphasized the need for regionally and locally specific ethics frameworks that take into account the specific needs of IK holders. Supporting projects and processes to develop these frameworks and make them accessible to communities and researchers should be seen as integral to development of a data management infrastructure for CBM.
ƒ?½ National/Pan-Arctic: Data management protocols are widely diverse, which may reflect the diversity of programs themselves. This also may reflect a general lack of knowledge about best practices and options for data management. Supporting the expansion of coordinated, service-oriented initiatives such as ELOKA (the Exchange for Local Knowledge and Observations of the Arctic), which offer data management support for community-based initiatives, could be useful in helping to address this.
Recommendations: Sustaining CBM programs
ƒ?½ Community: A central component to sustaining CBM programs is to ensure that they address the needs and
priorities of community members. To support sustained
involvement of key individuals, programs should create a paid coordinator role and ensure that community members are adequately compensated for their time and effort. To make participation easier and more attractive, it could be helpful to build programs around activities that community members are already doing on a regular basis, such as hunting trips.
ƒ?½ Regional/national: Collaborating scientists should share data and information with communities on a timely basis, which will help address concerns about the utility of CBM programs for addressing community information needs.
ƒ?½ National: The current funding infrastructure does not support the long-term nature of monitoring programs. There is a need for long-term funding commitments for CBM initiatives to ensure that programs can build sustainable practices and can gather data over time, this will enhance the value of the data to decision-makers.
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Coastal Observation and Seabird Survey Team (COASST) and the Kachemak Bay Shorebird Monitoring Project
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552_Community-Based-Monitoring-and-Indigenous-Knowledge-in-a-Changing-Arctic_web.pdf
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553
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Crown Consultation Policies and Practices Across Canada
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2009
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Management
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Academic - NGO
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National Centre for First Nations Governance
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It is the authorƒ??s hope that the discussion
which follows will facilitate productive and positive dialogue regarding how current Crown policies and practices may be changed for the better. It is intended to function as a framework for discussion rather than a comprehensive or prescriptive analysis
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Policy
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The duty of consultation, consent and participation
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Government, Indigenous peoples, local communities
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participation, duty of consultation, consent
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Haida makes it clear that prior to land settlements
or court determinations, the consultation and
accommodation process is driven by the primary
purpose of reconciliation through a balancing of
interests.
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All
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community engagement: public participation
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Funding to allow accomodation is required to ensure meaningful engagement
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Mikisew, Haida
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553_NCFNG_Crown_Consultation_Practices.pdf
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554
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GUIDELINES FOR ENTRY INTO AN ABORIGINAL COMMUNITY 1996, Laura O. Kowalsky, Wilfreda E. Thurston, Maria J. Verhoef, and Gayle E. Rutherford University of Calgary
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1996
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General
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Academic - NGO
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Be Prepared for the Uncertainty of the Process
ƒ?½ Recognize that the Aboriginal People are in Charge and Be Patient
ƒ?½ Consider the Implications of the Number of Researchers
ƒ?½ Be Honest About Your Motives
ƒ?½ Be Yourself and Participate in the Community
ƒ?½ Monitor Feelings
ƒ?½ Be Ready to Teach and to Share Ideas
ƒ?½ Be Prepared for the Unexpected
ƒ?½ Allow for Time
ƒ?½ Be Sensitive
ƒ?½ Recognize and Respect the Spiritual Component
ƒ?½ Consider what Facilitates Interaction with Community Members
ƒ?½ Enjoy and Allow Humour
ƒ?½ Contribute to the Community in Economic Terms
ƒ?½ Respect Confidence and Guard Against Taking Sides
ƒ?½ Follow the Lines of Authority and Thus Show Respect For It
ƒ?½ Be Aware of General Etiquette Expectations
ƒ?½ Maintain Ongoing Consultation
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Guidelines
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554_Guidance for entering Aboriginal Communities kowalsky.pdf
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555
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Hubbard, R., Risk, Rights and Responsibility: Navigating Corporate Responsibility and Indigenous Rights in Greenlandic Extractive Industry Development, 22 Michigan State Intƒ??l Law Review 101, 113 (2013)
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2013
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Resource Development
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Academic - NGO
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Michigan State International Law Review
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1. Unilateral Initiatives
access to information
language
consultations reflect cultural norms of decision-making
engaging in consultation earlier in the project development process
2. Collaborative Initiatives
Informed
Impact Benefit Agreements
Right to Exercise Control Over Development
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Paper
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555_Risk Rights and Responsibility_ Navigating Corporate Responsibil.pdf
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556
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Human potential as a strategic resource of the Russian Arctic sustainable development, Y. Bolsunovskaya and A. Sentsov
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2016
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General
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Academic - NGO
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Abstract. Efficiency of the Russian Arctic development depends greatly on human potential of the population inhabiting and conducting work activities in the Arctic regions. Human development is a key factor facilitating sustainable development of the area. Nowadays, there are negative social tendencies in the Russian Arctic, which does not ensure social safety of the population. It necessitates revision of the existing legal standards and development of a target-oriented federal policy that would take into account Arctic indigenous peoplesƒ?? interests and enhance the attraction of workforce from other regions. The paper covers basic social problems of the Russian Arctic and offers some ways to solve them. The author considers the human potential as a strategic resource for sustainable development of the region. Therefore, the human potential should remain the focus of governmentƒ??s attention and undergo regular assessment.
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Report
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556_shsconf_rptss2016_01013.pdf
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557
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Implementation of Indigenous Rights in Russia: Shortcomings and Recent Developments. Tomaselli, A. , Koch, A. (2014).The International Indigenous Policy Journal, 5(4)
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2014
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General
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Academic - NGO
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Abstract
After more than 20 years of active engagement in Indigenous issues, RAIPON, the umbrella organization of the Indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia, and the Far East, was ordered to suspend its activities by the Russian Ministry of Justice in November 2012. Eventually, this order was withdrawn provided that RAIPON changed its statute, which subsequently took place in early 2013. Why such sudden and definitive decisions? Apparently, the measures taken against RAIPON were due to its active engagement to defend Indigenous peoples' rights especially vis-Çÿ-vis the Russian extractive industry. A starting point for all possible explanations is thus the existing gap between the legal protection of Indigenous peoples' and its enforcement. The aims of this article are thus to gain a deeper understanding of the legal protection of Indigenous peoplesƒ?? rights in the
Russian Federation, and to explore the interests and the politics lying behind the government attitude vis-Çÿ-vis
Indigenous peoples.
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557_Implementation of Indigenous Rights in Russia.pdf
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558
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Integrating Community Knowledge into Environmental and Natural Resource Decision-Making: Notes from Alaska and Around the World, 2012, Elizabeth Barrett Ristroph, 3. WASHINGTON AND LEE JOURNAL OF ENERGY, CLIMATE, AND THE ENVIRONMENT 81
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2012
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Management
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Academic - NGO
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Abstract
Community knowledge (including traditional, local, and indigenous knowledge) has a role to play in government agency decisions regarding the environment and natural resources. This article considers the benefits of using community knowledge, as well as obstacles to collecting this knowledge and integrating it with Western science. The article further discusses how federal agencies in Alaska use community knowledge and laws that potentially affect this use (including the Data Quality Act). Finally, the article provides recommendations for agencies to consider in collecting and using community knowledge.
Recommendations for Obtaining and Using Community Knowledge
A. Knowledge Collection
B. Data Quality Control
C. Processing and Using Data
D. The Need for Mutual Benefit and/or Compensation
E. Integrating Community Knowledge and Western Science
F. Knowledge and Spirituality beyond the Realms of Western Science
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Paper
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558_Integrating Community Knowledge into Environmental and Natural Re.pdf
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559
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Integration of Scientific and Local Knowledge in the Protection of Sacred Sites in the Russian Arctic, Tatiana PETROVA, Tamara SEMENOVA ƒ?? Proceedings of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment March 2004
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2004
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Science Research
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Academic - NGO
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RAIPON?
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describes the importance
of indigenous and local beliefs and knowledge through the lens of sacred sites. Sacred sites accumulate the local
knowledge and cultural values of the Russia Northern communities. In addition, sacred sites are often located
within important natural areas with significance for biodiversity conservation. The protection of the sacred sites by indigenous peoples can make a substantial contribution to biodiversity protection in the Russian Arctic.
Sacred sites also provide an opportunity to establish environmental and social monitoring by the local community. We also stress the importance of the ecosystem management of the sacred sites that could be a vital component to the indigenous community sustainable development. More focus to economic, social and environmental interlinks could bridge the gap between the traditional local knowledge and modern science.
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559_petrova.tatyanaIntegration of Scientific.doc
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560
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Agreement Between the Crees of Eeyou Istchee and Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Concenring the Eeyou Marine Region
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2011
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Management
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Government - Indigenous Peoples
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Canada
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An Act to give effect to the Agreement between the Crees of Eeyou Istchee and Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada concerning the Eeyou Marine Region
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Law
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Consultƒ?? or ƒ??Consultationƒ? means:
a) the provision, to the party to be consulted, of notice of a matter to be decided in a manner that allows that party to effectively assess the matter and to prepare advice on the matter:
b) the provision of a reasonable period of time in which the party to be consulted may prepare its advice on the matter, and provision of an
opportunity to present such advice to the party obligated to consult:
c) full and fair consideration by the party obligated to consult on any advice presented: and
d) the provision of written reasons within a reasonable period of time by the party obligated to consult for any advice that is rejected or varied:
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Government, Indigenous peoples, local communities
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consultation
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All
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Consultation with the Grand Council of the Crees (Eeyou Istchee)
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Government shall Consult the GCC(EI) on the following:
a) making a decision to open up any part of the EMR which
is not Cree Lands to exploration for Minerals,
b) granting, permitting, approving or authorizing a
development of Minerals in any part of the EMR which is
not Cree Lands, and
c) granting, permitting, approving or authorizing the
construction, operation or abandonment of a pipeline, an
Oil or gas rig or other structure for the exploitation of
Minerals in any part of the EMR which is not Cree Lands.
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560_lc_cc_farim_nu_erm_1320441959046_eng.doc
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